It is mandatory to take precautions regarding the risks arising from gases as their use increases in many industries. Various gases used in processes create poisoning and fire/explosion hazards. Gas detection systems must be used to keep these hazards under control. A gas detection system must be able to detect all potential hazards and issue timely alerts so that necessary actions can be taken.

Detection Technology

The performance of a gas detection system depends on the following factors:

  • The suitability of the selected detection technology.
  • The number and location of detectors.
  • Environmental conditions.

For the system to be properly designed, its performance must be defined by considering the potential hazards in each processing unit. In-depth knowledge of processes and detection technologies is necessary for correct design. Additionally, it is essential to ensure that the mechanical and electrical properties of the detectors are suitable for the environment and location where they will be installed. When deciding on the technologies to be used, it is important to assess the potential for false alarms. False alarms can trigger emergency shutdowns, which will be problematic for process continuity. Performance-certified detection systems can eliminate or minimize the possibility of false alarms and unwanted activations.

Detector Requirements

Various risks may occur depending on the gases used, their characteristics, and how they are used in the facility. For example, H₂S gas is encountered during natural gas extraction and is particularly toxic. In this case, detectors should be selected considering both the danger of combustion/explosion and poisoning. Additionally, IR sensors should be preferred for flammable gases, as H₂S will negatively affect the life and performance of catalytic/pellistor sensors. All industrial facilities use various systems for heating and cooling functions as part of the plant process. System design must include these additional systems by considering their characteristics. Generally, the danger of fire/explosion is considered the main problem in cooling. However, gases used in these systems, such as freon, pentane, ammonia, and A2L class gases, have different properties. Therefore, the technology and detection range for monitoring these gases will be different. There are many potential leak points in a facility, and the risk of poisoning, combustion, and explosion will depend on these points. Various technologies and detectors must be used in accordance with the gas type and the operating principles of the devices used in the processes.

Redundant Systems

If the failure of system components affects safety or continuity, redundant use of these components may be an appropriate solution, despite the additional cost. For example, if separate monitoring systems are used for each processing unit in a facility, failures in these systems may not affect the entire facility. However, if the fire and/or gas detection system manages the entire facility, the failure will result in production loss throughout the plant. Additionally, the geographical and environmental conditions of the facility should be considered when defining the voting configuration in redundant usage. For example, if the direction of air currents is known, two detectors can be placed at specific intervals (5m, 10m) in a section, and an alarm can be generated by voting. In an outdoor environment, a large gas cloud may be required to reach both detectors to generate an alarm, and the alarm level should be set to less than 20% LEL for proper voting alarm generation.

Integration

For the gas detection system to work effectively, it must operate in harmony with all components that ensure safety in case of danger. A good control system should reliably detect hazards, issue audible and visual alarms, and indicate the location of each hazard. Computerized automation possibilities, which allow remote monitoring of facilities, are also gaining importance.

Rules and Standards

Wherever a gas detection system is installed worldwide, it must be designed according to all applicable rules and standards. System compatibility depends on the devices being manufactured according to these standards and having the necessary certifications.

ALUTAL, along with its cutting-edge partners, produces the technologies required for facility safety, closely following industry standards and industrial processes. Its products are documented by internationally respected institutions. Knowing that each facility has its own characteristics and acting with the understanding that no facility is the same, ALUTAL works to offer the most accurate and competent solutions in every field.